Solar Electricity
Solar energy applications have gained a lot of impulse in recent years. As solar panel costs decline, and more people become aware of solar energy’s financial and environmental benefits, solar electricity is becoming increasingly accessible. While still a tiny percentage of the electricity generated in the U.S. (1.9% in 2017), solar electricity is overgrowing (almost tripling over three years and up +40% versus 2016), according to U.S. Energy Information Administration.
A distributed solar P.V. system is often installed on the rooftops of homes or businesses. These energy systems generate electricity to compensate for the house usage and, on the other hand, send any excess production to the electric network.
A solar battery can attach to your solar power system to allow you to use solar after the sun goes down, power an E.V. overnight, or provide backup power during emergencies. Some homeowners may choose to go totally off the network with a solar power and battery system or a solar power and generator system.
In some cases, solar P.V. may be installed on a nearby construction, such as a barn or positioned to the ground and attached to the meter.
Other solar energy uses include utility-scale solar P.V. farms that can generate enough electricity to entire power cities.
An even more effective solar technology is concentrated solar power (C.S.P.). A CSP solar farms uses mirrors to reflect and focus the sun’s energy towards a tower or other receiver, generating heat to power a turbine to create electricity. You can store thermal energy before powering a generator, presenting it as a more flexible electricity source than solar P.V.
The largest C.S.P. solar farm worldwide is the 390 megawatt (M.W.) Ivanpah project in California’s Mojave Desert. Nevertheless, an even larger 580 MW C.S.P. plant under construction in Morocco may soon claim the title.
Solar Water Heating
Solar energy can be used for water heating systems as well. Most of the solar water heating applications create hot water that is consumed inside the house. Solar water heaters apply a rooftop cell to receive the sun’s energy and give it to the water tank. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (D.O.E.), solar water heaters typically have a five to ten-year payback.
Another solar energy application is heating swimming pools, especially in the southern and southwestern U.S. Water is distributed to a receiver where it is heated by sunlight and then drawn back into the pool. The prices are from $3,000 to $4,000, and the payback is approximately 2 to 7 years.
Solar Heating
Typical uses of solar space heating systems include powering radiant floors or pairing with a Forced Hot Air (F.H.A.) system to heat a home. Passive solar home design can also heat homes and businesses in the winter by considering the placement of windows and selecting materials used in the building.
Solar Ventilation
Solar ventilation solutions such as solar attic fans can reduce your HVAC burden by helping to cool your home during the summer. This may be a great alternative if you cannot install a solar P.V. system that supports your home’s entire electricity use.
Industrial and commercial solar process heat applications include solar airing technologies that can preheat a building’s air in cool climates, decreasing energy costs.